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Kooro - Daruma as an Incense Burner
香炉とだるま ― 香道散歩

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This story comprises three parts in the following order: Senkootate, Kooro
and Koogoo, Incense stick holder,
Incense Burner and Incense Container.
このお話は三つででき、順番は:線香立て、香炉と香合です。
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Incense burners for religious use come in various forms.
Pots with three or four legs with or without a lid
(kooro, koro 香炉)

You can find some huge forms of this type in front of any temple. Most
of these traditional containers take their form form old ritual implements
of the Shang dynasty in China. They have been introduces into Japan by
the Zen sect during the Kamakura period. Some have handles on both sides.
One special version of the Zen sect is a large metal bowl in a stand with
six long legs and six small legs for decoration. The long legs can be
more than one meter long. This form is called as it looks, "incense
burner with legs of an octopus"(takoashigooro 蛸足香炉).
The lid with many holes can be shaped in the form resembling a mountain
and is then called "incense burner with a lid in mountain form"
(hakusangooro 博山香炉). This type comes from China and the oldest artefacts
found were made of bronze during the Han dynasty.
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Incense pans with a long grip (egooro, ekooro 柄香炉)

They are used to carry incense around (shuro 手炉) during religious ceremonies.
The grip is usually about 20 to 30 cm long and can be made from wood with
a laquer finish. The pan at one side is usually without a lid and at the
insertion and the end of the grip there are artistic patterns, which give
the article its name. We have incense pans with a little lion (shishichin
egooro 獅子鎮柄香炉) or a small vase (byoochin egooro 瓶鎮柄香炉) or in
the form of the tail of a magpie (shakuo egooro シャク尾柄香炉) at the
end of the grip. Some others take the form of a lotus flower with a long
stem and a leaf on the grip (rengegata egooro 蓮華形柄香炉).
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Incense trays (koo-inban 香印盤, jookooban 常香盤)
They have the form of a round tray modelled like a lotus flower used to
burn incense for a long time in front of a Buddha statue. In this case
incense powder is layed out in the form of complicated patterns or the
Sanscrit syllables for the Buddha statue and the burning starts from one
side. If the powder is layed out in a special pattern you could tell the
time from the parts that had burned. These trays have been used since
the Nara period.
Two-layered incense burner (kasha 火舎)

This type is often used for special ceremonies of the Esoteric Buddhism
on a large altar. During these ceremonies four burners of this kind are
placed at the four corners of the altar and one in the middle. Usually
it has a pot with three legs, a flat container and a lid with a knob in
form of a wishfulfilling jewel or a little pagoda. The lid has many holes
in different artistic forms.
You can read a lot more about this and other Buddhist ritual implements
in my German book about this subject, which you can order right here.
Buddhistische Kultgegenstaende Japans - Ein Handbuch
(Buddhist ritual instruments of Japan) 日本仏教法具の辞書
http://www.akaikutsu.com/akaikutsu/top/topics-1.html
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Stores for Incense burners and other Buddhist items.
http://www1.coralnet.or.jp/katobsan/p11-3-katosei-seihin1.htm
http://www3.nsknet.or.jp/~hamasaki/butugu.htm
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Now let us look at some Darumas posing as incense burners. They are usually
ment for private use during the tea ceremony, not for the use in temples.
These two come form a similar form and are made of Bizen pottery. Daruma's
beard and eyebrows are quite heavily modelled. They are 7 cm high and
you can easily find them now in Bizen city.
私のコレクションのだるま香炉です。
備前焼で、だるまの眉や髭が目立つようにできています。
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These two are also from Bizen pottery. They are very similar, but the
openings at the back have different shapes. Also the nose of one is a
lot more rounded than that of the other one. They are 6 cm high and you
have to put them on a pottery plate to use them.
次の二人も備前焼です。裏にある穴の形がちがいます。

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This smiling fellow has a wide-open mouth as if he was laughing (not yawning
as in the AKUBI story). His
robe and the flywhisk (hossu) are nicely modelled. The plate is big enough
to hold one of the mosquito coils used everywhere during the Japanese
summer. He is 10 cm high. このだるまが笑っているように見えます(あくびではなくて、、、)。蚊取り線香をおいておくようなプレートの上にだるまさんの顔、払子や衣が表現されています。

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The next two are bronze containers with Daruma. They might have been used
in a Zen temple for the private use of a priest. Daruma carries his priest's
scepter (nyoi) and looks pretty serious.
The bronze of this seated Daruma is highly polished and shining. It is
11 cm high with two openings at the back and an open mouth. Darumaユs robe
is swung heavily around his forehead.
青銅でできていますだるま香炉です。多分禅寺でつかわれていたものです。だるまが如意を持っているので達磨大師の姿です。

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This bronze container shows Daruma reclining on a boat. We saw the detail
at the beginning of this story. He is also carrying his szepter, which
comes apart if you lift Daruma off his boat. The boat shows careful imprints
of Sanskrit letters on both sides. Daruma on a boat will be subject of
another story. The ship is 23 cm long and the smiling Daruma is about
10 cm high. He is obviously enjoying some evening cool in China.
船に横になった達磨大師です。かれも如意を持っています。船の両側に梵字が描かれています。
ちょっと珍しい青銅の作品です。
The story continues with the Incense
containers.
次は香合の話です。
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